SAILING THROUGH THE NATION € ™ S TODAY TOMORROW Shame € ™ S FAME: social studies as a pilot, a song of love my husband and the new Nigeria, 17 SE
NAVIGATING THROUGH THE NATION € ™ S TODAY TOMORROW Shame € ™ S FAME:
SOCIAL STUDIES AS A PILOT
17th in the series of conferences OPENING OF THE UNIVERSITY DELTA STATE, Abraka, Nigeria.
Taught by
Professor Emman Osakwe
B.Sc. (NIG), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), MA (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
Professor of Social Studies and Dean of the Graduate School,
Delta State University, Abraka.
On Thursday, February 26th, 2009
 © Copyright 2009 Delta State University, Abraka
All Rights Reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the owners of copyright.
ISBN 978 â € "33,872 â €" â € 7 "4
Published February 2009 by
Delta State University, Abraka,
Delta State, Nigeria.
Printed by
Jeco Justice Press and Publishers Ltd.,
Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Prologue / Preface
This teacher is accused teacher + â € | Famous +, Nigeria will become
(A song for my husband and the new Nigeria)
And he said, â € œmarry me, May! Â €
â € ~ I do so: â € ~ marry n € ™ said May teacherâ
Slag of the profession: a teacher € "disqualified
However, more telling, the voice pattern of the class! - Qualified
This teacher now prosecuted, is a teacher, prophet and priest.
Palm oil, the brush and sponge, Banga soup â € "The palm processing
Through fire, through water, the sharp blade, the agents the decline â € "transformed
As kero, diesel, gasoline, cream, gel, this balm â € "crude processed
Emman Osakwe, Professor processed, a voice heard beyond
Beyond the gallery of nations.
Processed through the pain, deprivation, denial, then mocked,
Today € ™ s teacher mounts the rostrum, here it comes:
My husband, my director, mon pà © re
Transformed by the fire, through water, denied his due
The principal teacher of teachers of teachers
It is a teacher, teaching the teachers of teachers of teachers.
Peak Promotion refused for ten years!
My colleagues parents, persevering through the years!
As the diamond carbon processed, my prince of patients and peace maker
This master teacher charged with knowledge:
Intellectual and divine, has a message:
Nigeria is the processing of shame â € "
The shame of corruption, grave-like greed!
The shame of mismanagement and misrule
Bad government, high yield of poverty of affluence giant
The shame of monumental waste of resources
The shame of evil and religious impiety
Processing through the shame of our desired fame:
Our country famous, yes, our country;
My homeland, the land of my pain, the land of my shame
Land of his birth, the land of their pain, the land of your shame
Dependent too long after independence, as fragile as the eaglet
For this fragile marsh, about to fall, unable to fly,
It will become in the large eagle in flight
Famous bird not to fly but to soar â € "
My homeland, the land of his birth, the land our birth
Land of my fame, the land of his fame, the land of our fame â € "
Nigeria is your name!
Mabel Osakwe Ejima (2009)
President, English language
Delta State University, Abraka
COURTESY
The Vice-Chancellor,
The Vice Chancellor (Admin.)
The Vice-Chancellor (Academic)
The rectors, Asaba and Oleh Campus,
The Secretary Interim
The treasurer,
The librarian of the University,
The Rector of the Faculty of Health Sciences,
Dean Faculty of Education,
Deans from other faculties,
Professors and other members of the Senate,
Heads of Department and other colleagues academics,
Members of the administrative and technical staff,
Lords Spiritual and temporal
Members of my family nuclear and extended
My in-laws,
Distinguished Guests,
Gentlemen of the Press,
Great DELSUITES,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Preamble
I am honored and privileged to be called upon to deliver the 17th Inaugural Conference of the University Delta State, Abraka. I thank God for granting us travel through this meeting and I think it will all go home safe in the name of Jesus â € "Amen.
Did you buy and read today € ™ s papers? How many bloody mind listening to stories? What is the latest in militancy and criminality in the Niger Delta? How painful! You can try to take your mind off those depressive problems and feed your mind with dreams of greatness to Obama and so will ours. Yes, welcome to this forum! In that God gave the opportunity to reflect and discuss social issues like those raised in this welcome tip. I feel say that although I have the monopoly on the word in this debate is what is called a conference. But the launch of his mind to travel along as our social studies pilots navigating through today € ™ s shame tomorrow € ™ s fame.
INTRODUCTION
The first thing to pay attention to the nature and purpose of Social Studies and how it serves as a vehicle to address the issues of our time. Briefly, Social Studies is about learning to live and participate in this world, at any given time and place, therefore we have the formula:
SSEA Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â PSPT
PÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â People
SA Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â Company
PÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â = Â Â rise
t      =      time
This conference is a keynote speech on an aspect my academic experience, and my contribution to social studies as a field of knowledge, is governed by the formula as shown SSE and Nature Studies Social.
Here, then, P means the Nigerian People, S means the Nigerian society, p, the geographical entity called Nigeria Nigeria t mean yesterday today and tomorrow. This conference yesterday involves pre-colonial Nigeria Nigeria to the era before the 2nd Republic, while now extends to Nigeria in the period 2nd Republic to date.
We realize that this audience is not only interdisciplinary œgownâ € â € but also a heterogeneous œtownâ € â €. It will be then to operate within the defined perimeter.
Social Studies affects each facet of human existence: man himself as a product of nature and social man as a product of upbringing, arising from social, political, economic and physical. Social studies therefore long been identified as a real instrument or reshapening towards society. (Lawton and Durfour 1973, Osakwe 1993) The nature, content and scope of social studies, makes it a manly instrument for social development of a new â € "the political order. This teacher has professed majorly in this area of social studies and has 20 publications related to the current discourse. Four of these are listed here:
Osakwe, EO (1992) â € œSocial military studies and politics in Nigeria Nigeria € Journal of Social Studies Review, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 89-91
Osakwe, EO (1993a) Citizenship Education: the Hub of Social Studies in Nigeria Journal of Social Studies Review. Vol 2, No. 3, pp. 23-38.
Osakwe, EO (1994a) Education for citizenship in a multi-ethnic society: some pedagogical perspectives. Studies in Education vol. 2. No. 1. April. Pp 60-64.
Osakwe, EO (1994b) Educational strategies for teaching Social Studies: Using specimens and not Nigeria Journal of Social Issues Studies vol. III, 1 and No. 2 pp. 49-55.
In Nigeria, Social Studies found practical expression in the school system after the 1969 National Curriculum Conference. The issue is people-oriented construction and therefore the nation-building (Osakwe 1993).  The potential of social studies have not yet been fully exploited in our search for a desirable partner in political and economic order.
Social Studies deals with human relationships. The world is constantly undergoing change and social studies remains a veritable tool for examining these changes, whether positive or negative. revolves around Social Sciences of humans (people) and everything that strikes them.
Areas of Emphasis in Social Sciences
The knowledge Social Studies is related to important generalizations about human relationships, institutions and problems, together with the facts to ensure that these generalizations clearly understood (Osakwe and Itedjere 1993). A Social Science examines issues and problems from a holistic point of view ⠀ "therefore, the solution of a problem or a problem, social studies examines the historical, dimensions. related to cultural, sociological, economic, physical and vertical concentration difference, which is seen in most school subjects, social studies takes a horizontal spiral analysis the same problems. Social Sciences, has great affinity with the social sciences, but should not be seen as an amalgam of the social sciences.
Social Studies Education is a way to give young people a sense of hope in the future and confidence in their ability to solve social and environmental problems of individuals, communities, state or nation.
On this occasion, this conference addresses an aspect of my academic discipline that is of public interest and â € "Navigating in the nation, through € ™ s Today Tomorrow shame € ™ s Fame: Social Studies as a pilot.
Addressing the problems of yesterday, today and tomorrow automatically provides three segments of the speech: Yesterday Today Tomorrow Nigeria and Nigeria.
NIGERIA â € "yesterday
It is simplistic to address the problems of nation building in Nigeria today, without paying due attention to our past and the past world, affecting our past and present.
Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Mr President, the system education that we inherited from our colonial masters, although criticized by us away from our culture, produced and disciplined individuals who are regarded as pillars of our development. Our democracy and national education system was once very structured, organized and predictable. This was the era in which education was fully the responsibility of the government Agencies. Mission training centers staffed, equipped and oversight effective. The academic calendar is remained stable, with only disruption. A new competitor in the system was able to predict when he / she graduate. graduation a candidate at the right time was not the fault of the school or institution, but the inability of students to work hard enough to graduate as planned by the educational establishment. The period under review was characterized by students in elementary and secondary schools to get the uniforms that were uniform indeed. There is no provision for students make your own seats / desks or for inmates, providing their own beds. Laboratories in the secondary and tertiary institutions are comparable to what obtained in other parts the world.
Sound moral education is an integral part of education in 1970 to 80 by the end of Nigeria. Relationship between students and teachers, students and teachers and students and teachers from different levels of education was very largely professional. examination malpractice incidents were rare, and anyone who is threaten the integrity of a test is treated promptly with. incidents of students in grades negotiating with the teachers or lecturers / teachers asking for a œincentivesâ € € existent. hardly During the period under review, the academic standards in Nigeriaâ € ™ s first generation of universities is commendable and comparable to what obtained in the more advanced countries of Europe and AMERICA. The period witnessed massive exchange of personnel from outside universities. Our universities had real international focus and reputation, with staff and students from different parts of the world. Apart from the calling our universities and international scholars, university professors were highly respected and were on top of social classification. Okech (2008) noted rightly, that the mention of the title of â € € œProfessorâ attracted much attention. The office of the Vice-Chancellor was very reverred. The Vice-Chancellor was more respected than any government-appointed.
The majority of Nigerians who went through higher education have a form of financial support or other Government. Education was a worthwhile undertaking and was seen as the key that opened the door to success and fame.
The laziness, theft, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social and spatial inequality was considered very shameful yesteryears. in Nigeria was a common practice, for example, for the provider to leave the diary in the Portera ™ € s Lodge as trusted students to cough up the money and collect the papers. Similarly, the product Rag day is used for charity as expected. Social services are frowned and there was no greater sense of accountability between citizens and Workers office holders. reported in their jobs at the expected time and remained at work until closing. The school and other institutional doors closed at 8 am and remained so until closing. Absenteeism was an aberration and something frowned upon at. no freedom of political association, despite divisions policy was along the three main ethnic groups, with the exception of the Middle Belt, which had its own policy identity. was possible for relatives Nearby to belong to different political parties and are still living in harmony. The example of Ikokus can attest to this fact â € "a father and son belonged to two opposing parties.
Humans are usually political animals. the ability to organize people into groups with any political motive is a basic human instinct inherent beings. Nigerians are highly articulate policies beings. the practice is traditional politics and the community that has always been with us. has been a fusion of traditional and modern social life and the party politics. Since culture is not static, practices Traditional also adjusted to accommodate the new challenges and developments and cultural contacts with his assistant implications. The social life of a people and their culture policy, largely affects many other areas of Nigeria is a living. political amalgam. This is indicative of the cultural plurality of country. largely North was much more articulate and politically responsive. This probably explains the practice in which our Northern brothers are always with their radios and listen local and international news, social life, which always informed. and partisan politics is not a function of Western education.A some Southerners, a Despite their education, remain politically naïve and can not read or understand politics horizon. Nigeriaâ € ™ s the economy during this period was very stable and is dependent on agriculture. This was the era of the pyramids of groundnuts. Nigeria was the worldâ ™ € s largest producers of peanuts, rubber, palm oil and grains, soybeans, Benise and also a major cotton producer, 2nd largest producer of cocoa. was in this period Malaysia came to Nigeria for our oil and rubber plants to try in country. outa We know that both countries are now producing the palm oil and rubber.
Solid minerals like coal, tin and columbite were drawn in economic quantities and Nigeria was known AA for being a world power in the production of these minerals. The dynamism of the economy is stimulated by the discovery of black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Soon by little, the emphasis began to shift from agriculture to oil ⠀ | ⠀ | ⠀ |. the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. The currency Nigeria was strong and highly sought after during this period.
Exchange rate between 70 and 80
Nigeria                 British                     American            German
N1a                   PD Stg                      U.S. Dollars                  DM 3.64
- £ 0.615Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â $ 1.51
The above figures show a vivid picture of the strength of the naira at the moment.
Nigeria is Well serviced by road, rail, sea, air transport. During this period there were over 95,000 km of roads and over 3,200 km from a yard wide railway. Nigeria had just two international airports in Lagos and Kano. Both the north and south of the country attracted significant investment in infrastructure development, especially in rail and road access and some degree of social services such as electricity, water supply, hospitals, schools and colleges. This period was marked by the staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) cleaning of pastures by the side of the road to ensure long distance and clear vision of drivers and other road users. roads were regularly maintained ⠀ "even then, the roads were narrow and sometimes windy is motorable throughout the year.
Nigeria Airways was the pride of West Africa. It stood above other airlines in the sub-pilots region. Nigeria were known for their courtesy, competence and confidence. Its takeoff and landing was remarkable and smoothly and constantly hiccups. Nigeria Airways flew to Europe, Asia, United States and several routes in Africa without blemish. The DC 10s, Boeing 737, 707 and 747 were constant on international routes, while smaller aircraft used the local (internal) routes. Closer to home here, the waterway through Obiaruku Sapele Ethiopian river was navigable and construction materials were transported through this channel.
The safety of lives and property was very heavily secured during this period. is possible to travel through the night without fear robbers. to travel at night, was preferred by a number of incidents of armed robbery was rare Nigerians. and easy to follow, it was fashionable to criminals. participate in the crime because there was a general rejection of the company or the reluctance to everyone who knew he was a criminal or social deviant.
NIGERIA TODAY
Today, Nigeria has traded his dignity for the values of diligence, patriotism, high ethical standards, their abundant natural resources of old habits for glory colloquially called œNigerian Factora € â €: the search for the injustice, the values toward above, endemic corruption and misrule gross. Today Nigeria is fatally ill himself a deliberately inflicted injury. Most of what is happening in Nigeria today amounts to national shame, the pain and misfortune. The shame is manifest in our â € € œNew politics is marked by violence leading to loss of lives and properties, handling and mass killings. Beneficiaries who do not deserve it quick to make efforts to convince and confuse the masses to support the results of their political prowess. Almost immediately rushed to the approval of the entire country, especially some Christian and Islamic clerics and other self-seeking leaders to pontificate on the fallacy that government and leadership are selected and sorted by God and we must accept things as they are, in order to save our nascent democracy. But peace without justice can not stand the test of time and is an invitation to anarchy.
Unlike what happens in other Western democracies and stable policies that election results are declared less than 24 hours in the polls closed, in Nigeria, it could take three days. in some ridiculous situations, such as local elections are even smaller geographic entities for the management still has days before results are officially usual drag released. This leaves room for manipulation and bodywork of figures. Despite all these, the figures are released as ridiculous results. In some cases, more votes than the number of registered voters is not voters. multiple The trial court uncommon. of the Edo State revealed that the voters fictitious and some others have voted several times as the voters is another side of the Atlantic.
The cornerstone of any stable and functional democratic state is the electoral process. This should be seen as a key issue in a country like The ours. electoral process represents a policy choice by the populace. Alongside the market gossip and discussions of the passage, the vote is the only activity that shows the degree of peoplee € ™ s participation in the ballot politics. free and secret, when carried out, the direction and amount of individual € ™ s participation out boldly in its true form.
In a survey conducted by this teacher, in 1998, the degree of apathy expressed by young people was amazing.
Percent possible participation in national elections
S / NO
CATEGORY
STUDENTS NOT RESPONDING TO EACH CATEGORY
TOTAL NO OF STUDENTS
PERCENT OF TOTAL
1.
Indifferent or undecided
162
250
65%
2.
Yes or interested
63
250
25%
3.
No or not interested
25
250
10%
This was almost a decade before the monumentally fraudulent election of 2007, however, the figure reveals high level of alienation or disenchantment with politics and the electoral process among youth people. In most cases, this alienation or apathy carries high political level disinterest. effective participation depends on a knowledge of how the system actually works.
Our citizens have not been systematically exposed to methods of operations of our political System. A good number of our young people have been wandering aimlessly in the politics of Nigeria arena. This has resulted in either misinformation or suppression of political instincts in the young towards national issues.
Our electoral process and protest Thus the results is unprecedented in the annals of elections in any part of the globe. Many Nigerians are of the view that an individual s ™ € vote does not count â € "the results are predetermined. This has led to apathy and despair by a serious segment of the electorate (see Osakwe 1998 Ogini 2008). On June 12, 1993, elections, res judicata to be free, was canceled by ignomity to the chagrin of Nigerians. Since then the situation has worsened. No understandably now much cynicism toward elections and the electoral process for many Nigerians.
Another concern in this discourse is that politics in Nigeria is no longer seen as a way for the service, but has become a means of rapid ascent to wealth, and the public recognition. This has led to the emergence of political upstarts twisted mind on the expectation of policy electorate. Their lifestyle is marked by extravagant living, luxury cars, including armored cars, bodyguards and intimidation sirens all perceived opponents and those who refuse to acknowledge his new found position and wealth that are difficult manage. What we now see is a repeat of the biblical Mordecai saga. Amman Amman, a political newcomer who is paid a large sum of money to ensure that the Jewish race is removed only by the Jew Mordecai not bow to him.
It is a sign of political immaturity of trying to use the opportunism scores. political resolve is a show of shame and reflection of the struggle against complex. policy should be a very exciting part of our national life, but now a matter of life and death, sometimes sending chills of the population. Therefore, the organization or elections Nigeria is the war and several lives have gone to elections in Nigeria.
Political assassinations
Between 1999 and 2009, 39 cases of politics â € "motivated murders were recorded in the country. The timing of these murders reveals that it is usually more common in previous years elections and the appropriate election year. For example, there were 17 murder cases between 2002 and 2003, 9 cases were recorded between 2005 and 2007 (another pre-electoral period elections).
Political killings â € "1999-2009 (- A graphical representation)
In the most recent elections in Nigeria, firearms were freely used. In Jos crisis of November / December 2008, more than 500 lives were lost in the chaos that was down to election. Several of the victims were hospitalized bullet wound. How does this compare with what obtains in other parts of the world where respect for the results of the elections and the electoral process is conducted in an orderly manner?
Common feature of the political terrain in Nigeria is the issue of recycling of individuals and families ⠀ "giving the impression that there is some eternal mandate that these individuals and families should always there. How to explain a situation in which some political actors who were contemporaries of the Elders of late Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, still hovering around the corridors of power. There are some individuals who have remained in political flirtation with the Over the 29 years of military ⠀ "rule in the democratic era in Nigeria. What a pity that almost two years after the 2007 general elections, yet there are several yet-to-be-decided court cases.
It is a fact that since the contentious elections, Nigerians of various efforts, have joined in the search of a reform process that the water tree in a transparent, free and fair elections to remove the rancor that greeted the results of the April 2007 surveys and literally created the hatred and anarchy.
How long will Nigerians living with this level of rancor and uncertainty? When transparent elections are conducted so as to end the loser is fast, even to concede defeat and congratulate the winner?  In U.S. elections of November 4, 2008, Republican presidential candidate John McCain grace granted victory to Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, in less than 24 hours after of polls. The winner and the loser of the American elections did not have to wait for the Chief Electoral announce the outcome of the election result most famous world. They relied on the results as announced live on the Cable News Network (CNN).
It is instructive to note here that Nigeriaâ € ™ s national television, the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) had a live coverage of U.S. elections. Why was not possible to cover our national elections Live. Some international observers were denied entry and reports by our electoral authorities disapproved, however, Nigerians went to Ghana to monitor the elections! Our electoral process is not transparent and acceptable. It is not yet done so nationally and internationally.
CORRUPTION
Corruption is used here to catch a condition or state of lying, dishonesty, illegitimacy, illegality or injustice oriented the acquisition of power, money or position for private gain and sectionals.
Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria and a culturally society. generate a corrupt system corrupt society and people naturally produce its kind, except that it is cultural or radical surgery is not a re-orientation as a result of time: Recall the formula. Social Studies in Nigerian society provides a fertile ground for fraudulent practices, leading to the institutionalization of a corrupt society corruption. according to Lewis (2008) produced corrupt leaders and followers, copy or corrupt leaders and corrupt corrupt institutions establish institutions create a multiple of systems.es corrupt This may explain why almost no institution or system that is free from corruption Nigeria. religious establishments are not exempt from this.a corruption is in fact Nigeriaâ € ™ s worst enemy of preventing citizens from enjoying the huge natural resources. Corruption is detrimental to economic growth. increasing income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth. It also promotes and supports the unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education (Olajide, 2008).
Despite the creation bodies to combat corruption, such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and other related crimes Commission (ICPC), corrupt practices have continued to manifest itself in various forms and shapes cleverly notorious in Nigeria. This monster called corruption has continued to be the bane of paas ™ € s drive towards attaining the Millennium Development Goals. Recently, in an interactive session House of Representatives Committee on Drugs and Narcotics and financial crimes, the Executive Director of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), alleged that some Nigerians have taken advantage of world prices and the fall had been Criss-crossing the world day and night to acquire properties with stolen money of perpetrators of this crime country. know how to defeat all the mechanisms put in place to verify their nefarious activities. Our image has been seriously undermined Nigerians. by corrupt activities among Nigerians Corruption is also manifested in Internet fraud, and the marked advance free fraud (also known as 419). To a number of innocent Nigerians and foreigners have been victims of Internet and the advance rate fraud. A number of young people now living large and fat from the proceeds of corruption and fraud.
Nigeriaâ € ™ s image has been seriously eroded throughout the world as a result of practices Fraudulent some of our Nigerian Several citizens. are languishing in prisons in several countries â € "Some of those who were not so Luckily, they were executed by the authorities of the countries where they committed the atrocities. The war against corruption seems to be focused over € Obasanjoâ Arduaâ Yar regime. ™ s € ™ s the administration promised that there would be no sacred cows in his administration € ™ s anti However fight. corruption, his war against corruption was the subject of serious skepticism and cynicism following the redistribution of former President of the agency fight against corruption and work with many thereafter, culminating in his dismissal. It is a sad commentary and sends a very bad Nigerians and international community.
The pace of the crusade against corruption is slowly grinding to a halt, and some observers are really worried, because the sufferings of the masses, they feel have been caused by a few individuals who have diverted money earmarked for the welfare of the masses for personal gain. One apparent reasons for the corruption has continued to invade the length and breadth of Nigeria may be that the three tiers of government pay lip service to its eradication.
Corruption has hurt the political and the generality of our people is immeasurable and unrest incalculable. invades all strata of society, including institutions. According to public opinion on Day 5 of November 2008, nothing works well in Nigeria because of corruption. Several roads are in a deplorable state, even when one attempts are made in the rehabilitation of roads, corruption does not allow thorough job and durable.
Education and corruption
Sexual harassment has become so pervasive in Nigeria tertiary education.A It's a very worrying state of affairs. The issue of sexual harassment in institutions of higher education has attracted the attention of a number of academic € "(Osakwe 2008, Igborgbor 2008, Okech, 2008).  Sexual harassment is a manifestation of power relations and often girls and women are in the end. receiving sexual harassment is not limited to any age level â € "some of the older scholars have been known to participate in this abominable game. Some academics have lost their jobs arising from this misdemeanor. Some have continued to exploit and pollute the girls and make public display of their sexual escapades. Some girls and married women have been traumatized, particularly in a bid to acquire a degree or tertiary qualification other institutions. Closely related to sexual harassment issue is corruption in our educational system from primary to university students level. and students are forced to pay a fee or the signature of the arbitrators other. report, removal, as of course, card data â € "attract charges. all illegal some time ago in the history of Nigeria,
Teachers at all levels of education earned great respect for members public. Seen as honest, disciplined and morally above board, was more fashionable then looking for a teacher when a public office calls for a person of high integrity is vacant. They had the aura of the Saints and their fans always proved right every time they had the opportunity to provide expertise and knowledge to carry in public affairs. However, the sacred integrity of the academic class seems to have taken his license as the country continues to stink of corruption (Aghedo 2008).
In the last couple of years, three teachers paid the price for the sexual exploitation of girls and had to be miserable yet office. There are many more waiting to be disgraced. academic corruption has assumed different dimensions ranging from plagiarism, victimization, muzzling freedom academic, erosion of mentoring in the production of foot soldiers / academic hostage taking â € € â € "by which academics young people under a senior colleague are forced to do their bidding. Mastera € ™ s Academic freedom that once characterized the university system rapidly eroding and giving way to the campus dangerous politicians, gangs and other interest groups â € "whose interests are some of the things other than academics.
Examination malpractice has become a serious problem afflicting the education Nigeria. The phenomenon of the measures has become monstrous and will only very bold and unforgiving to delete Out. The unfortunate situation is that some people expected to address this issue are products of examination malpractice themselves.
- Examination malpractice is not restricted to gender, boys and girls are firmly in the business.
Transport and corruption
Airports lack facilities necessary, the National Agency for Emergency Management (NEMA) can not locate the air shipwreck sites. The most recent challenge to place several months after hunters. The railway lines remain dysfunctional ⠀ "some rail lines are now used by traders to display their wares.
Attitude to the general corruption
People do not express bitterness and shock every time they hear talk of billions of naira being stolen from public coffers, as it has become a daily occurrence. For example, it was reported that in a month, a governor in a state spent N1bn (billions of naira) in its security ⠀ "a state where there was no war, no breakdown of law and order.
The state of corruption in Nigeria today is a product of the inconsistency and irregularity of the war against corruption â € "After having been fought to a standstill by General Murtala Mohammed, between 1975 and 1976 track, like Buhari / Idiagbon and later by Nuhu Ribadu would have brought the monster to his knees. However, the period between Muhammad Buhari and General Babangida brought in, who ruled between 1985 and 1993. Unlike the Buhari regime which came hard on looters of public funds several of which were given various prison sentences, Babangida returned the assets of individual officers and restored the ranks of the officers fired. Call it a reward for the corruption! This story can be repeated once more if the plight of Nuhu Ribadu is allowed to continue. Call it punishment for fighting corruption! The war corruption is asleep right now.
Corruption and the Energy Sector
Two thousand (2,000) megawatts of electricity generated in 2008 from the 3,000 generated in 2003. These figures are ridiculous. South Africa with a population of 60 million, generate 45,000 megawatts and the South African government aims to increase its capacity to 60,000.  How can Nigeria still claim to be the giant of Africa? Our industries and small businesses provide their own electricity â € "How can break even in the face of the exorbitant cost of production due mainly to lack of constant supply of public power. How many dreams of industrial Nigeria can be updated in light of current energy challenges. Despite the President ™ € s plan to declare a state of emergency in the energy sector, things have not improved. small businesses, crafts and more self-employed Nigerians have been forced to close their businesses due to lack of availability of energy.
It was reported (Tell December 8 that in a month (November 2008) the worsening food situation forced the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to announce the loss of 800 MW capacity Generation â € "in the same period, the Sapele Power Station was completely closed, and power plant was operating in Lagos Egbin â € € œat reduced capacity. Exactly 10 days later, reported the PHCN additional loss of 200 MW. All these factors have been responsible for power zone on 12 pitches ration to maintain system stability and ensure an even distribution of the limited generation output the plants. operation in accordance with the rotation plan, PHCN divided the country into zones. Each zone receives power for 12 hours, although this is no guarantee that come. There are light areas and sections of the country where the outage is more regular than public power supply. Even the â € € œpromisedâ other 6,500 MW by 2009 is far from our expected electricity demand in Nigeria.
We are also informed (Tell December 2008) that each university spends more than N120 billion annually in diesel. What colossal waste of money that would have been plowed in other critical areas of the University of administration. Not many universities in Nigeria can even afford to spend the amazing sum of money to electricity. This of course does not include regular electricity bills PHCN.
CORRUPTION AND STEEL INDUSTRY
The iron and steel industry has swallowed billions of dollars from the decade 1980 ⠀ "however, there is nothing to show for it. The Federal Government created the Delta Ajaokuta and steel plants, along with three rolling mills interior Oshogbo, Jos and Katsina. plants and steel mills have been unable to meet the aspirations of Nigerians steel, mainly due to the beaurcactic corruption and bottle-necks. What we have now is more like museums steel instead of steel plants. How can we explain the astronomical cost imported iron and steel products, where are supposed to be producers of the product? In some plants, components and spare parts are no longer produced in world. anywhere in the computer's components are totally obsolete thus leaving the engineers to cannibalize existing components to the point that there is nothing to fall again.
The Minister of State who oversees the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, recently pleaded with Nigerians to be patient with the pace of development, stating that â € œtheirs € is not a government go slow.  Unfortunately, Nigerians can not but believe that the present and the past administration has no clear policy on how to restructure the iron and steel and the position for Nigeriaâ € ™ s industrial boom. How much Nigerians while waiting for the takeoff of an effective iron and steel? Several Nigerians were sent to Europe, Russia and Japan to receive training for iron and steel industry. All these high-caliber human resources have been dismissed in the face of the privatization policy of the last administration. Some of the steel plants were concessioned political partners / business partners of the government of the time.
The iron and steel is the foundation of any technological development and any significant industrial nation. Nigeria can not afford to remain an eternal steel importer products. This sector should contribute significantly to economic development Nigeria. not seem to be a clear roadmap leading to Nigeria to become a major player in steel development in Africa continent. How can the dream of making Colombia one of the top 20 world economies in 2020 are met?  How do you get when factories primary steel have been privatized into the wrong hands? Control of the primary source of steel (liquid level) is the industrial development control iron nation. The steel industry is therefore a critical area of economic development should not be left to investors both foreign and indigenous.
The railway line that links dedicated Delta Steel Company, Aladja, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and Nigerian Iron Ore Mining Company Itakpe not yet been completed ⠀ "until this is done the total value of business can never be realized. The proposed rail line, as did several other government projects is more like an abandoned project that is already undergoing rapid depreciation. the Niger river has not yet been dredged and the Escravos estuary is not yet molten steel cleared. never be produced in Ajaokuta without all these things are being put in place.
EXTRA JUDICIAL MURDERS
One issue that has angered many Nigerians to shake and the spines of citizenship has to do with extra murders. A number of families who have been traumatized arising from the loss of their loved ones in the border incidents on Extrajudicial Mur. regrettable aspect of this development is that the evidence was completely destroyed or victims are presented as criminals â € "the dead can not speak for himself or herself. Some examples reinforce the point here â €" Nearly two decades ago, a Nigerian Dele Udo star athlete was shot dead at a police checkpoint point. This has also been the fate of a number of innocent Nigerians police checks in different locations throughout the country at one time or another. In 2002, some traders traveling along the road "â € Lokoja were Okene intercepted by some policemen who discovered they had a lot of money on them. The police tied to traders and the packages on the bus and arrested him fire while making away with their millions of naira. One of the businessmen miraculously survived and escaped and reported the incident. The police arrived late arrested, tried and duly punished. A renowned journalist, Bayo Awosika died in circumstances surrounding extrajudicial killing. who later died was claimed that his vehicle hit a police van and then a somersault several times before landing on another part of the road. In spite of the assertion of Somersault, there was no dent in the vehicle, the brake Bayo € ™ s car was in and had a piece of wood the fire under the Char Examination post mortem revealed that the boy died from an injury missile â € "ie, was beaten by a fast moving metal (bullet). A could this was another case of extrajudicial Mur. The case of Mr. John Abah ina Benue State is still very fresh. On November 14, 2008, the bullets fired by a patrol Police tackled him, the boy had left that evening to relax with friends when his life was cut short. The incident that led to his premature death is attributable to a split between the deceased and a policeman in a parlour. beer in 2006, police killed a youth in the same city â € "Oturkpo during a protest by residents at a center of PHCN because of a power outage.
On 2 December 2008, the authorities of the Lagos State University, were forced to issue a press start filming his students. This was sequel to the film of the 25th November 2008, 4 students of the University who had gone to the Government Local identification. derivatives of the rapid response of the authorities of the Lagos State University, Governor of the State Police action. revolved lost dismissed. were arrested and subsequently shot one student succumbed to his wounds despite the combined efforts of the Lagos State Government and Lagos State University of saving his life.es The question is how long for Nigerians to put up with this brutal and senseless murder of their citizens the persons expected to protect them?  The murder of a student in Athens, Greece in early December 2008 triggered protests by students and teachers from several running. days a Brazilian's death in the UK for a terrorist attack led to the prosecution of the police officer concerned. In December 2008 a woman was killed in Ogun State â € "has been taken by an armed robber. Police spirit endeavored to explain away the fact that the woman was An armed robber. One youth was shot dead by police in front of a bank in Benin City to participate in a brawl in front of the â € "this incident occurred in January 2009. In the same month of January, a young man was shot dead by police in Lagos in unexplained circumstances. Some commercial drivers have been victims of police shootings or Forms or other ill-treatment by their refusal to part with their money illegally œusual tolla € â €.
MILLENNIUM Development Goals (MDGs)
Following the Millennium Declaration that was adopted at the Millennium Summit in New York, September 6 at € "8, 2000, Nigeria was committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015. These objectives were the objectives to make measurable improvements in the lives of the worldâ ™ € s poorest citizens.
Objective I: Â Â Â Â Â Â Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Poverty continues to look for millions of Nigerians in the degree of face. Hunger is clearly manifested at the funeral, wedding and other social events where food and drinks are served generously by a few. select In these meetings, several uninvited guests food. struggle for worse, are Milling teenagers eager to wait adequately addressed, to allow the remains to be eating or taking away. Many of our youth have become garbage dumps in the midst of plenty is assumed.
According Bolatito (2008), poverty exists where people lack the means to meet their basic needs. These can be defined in a narrow sense, as the needs necessary for survival, or in general needs to reflect the prevailing standard of living in poverty described community. a situation in which the peoples of resources (material, social and cultural), as so limited as to exclude these people from the minimally acceptable life.es Poverty is multifaceted (Bolatito 2008), including lack of access to public services and infrastructure, unsanitary environment, illiteracy and ignorance, poor health, insecurity, lack of voice and social exclusion, including low levels of household income and food insecurity.
Between the period 1980 to 1996, the proportion of poor people increased from 28.1% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This, in terms of numbers translates into 17.7 million poor in 1980 and 67.1 million in 1996. It is estimated that by 2015, between 30.1 million and 40.4 million people would still be living in poverty in Nigeria.
According to the Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD 2005), Nigeria, with an annual per capita income of just $ 300, is one of the 20 poorest countries in the A world. Nigeria is estimated to grow at 3% and the national savings rate is approximately 15%. In the midst of other great challenges of the decay of infrastructure and corruption, How can Nigeria achieve the Millennium Development Goal number one?
Since independence, Nigeria has steadily fallen in the group of countries with low human development, characterized by an (HDI) of the coefficient lower than 0.5 (on a scale of 0-1). With a score of 0.470, Nigeria occupies a lowly 158th position, where countries such as Eritrea and Senegal fee better. This is a very big shame indeed. What can be said that Benin Republic and Rwanda are higher in the scale of Nigeria's GDP per capita.
Table 1: Nigeriaâ € ™ s 2005 Human Development Index
Asset IND
Life expectancy at Birtha      (years)
Literacy Adult
(between 154% and more)
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross    ratio enrollment (%)
GDP per capita (PPP U.S. $)
1. Iceland (0.968)
1. Japan (82.3)
1. Georgia (100.0)
1. Australia (113.0)
1. Luxembourg (60,228)
156. Senegal (0,499)
163.Botswana (48.1)
102.Algeria (69.9)
136.Nepal (58.2)
158.Rwanda (1,206)
157.Eritrea (0,483)
1653.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (47.4)
103.Tanzania (United
Republic of) (69.4)
137.Equatorial Guinea (58.1)
159.Benin (1.141)
158.Nigeria (0,470)
165.Nigeria (46.5)
104.Nigeria (69.1)
138.Nigeria (56.2)
160. Nigeria (1,128)
159.Tanzania (United Republic of) (0,467)
166.Malawi (46.3)
105. Guatemala (69.1)
139. Bangladesh (56.0)
161. Eritrea (1.109)
160. Guinea (0,456)
167.Guinea-Bissau (45.8)
106.Lao peoplee € ™ s Democratic Republic (68.7)
140.Yemen (55.2)
162. Ethiopia (1055)
177.Sierra Leone (0.336)
177.Zambia (40.5)
139.Burkina Faso (23.6)
172.Niger (22.7)
174.Malawi (667)
2007/2008 Human Development Report, fact sheets - Nigeria
Some indicators of the table 2: human poverty for Nigeria
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 2004
Probability not survive beyond age 40 (5) 2004
Adult illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and older) 2004
People without access to improved water source (%) 2004
Children underweight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004
1.Chad (56.9)
1.Zimbabwe (57.4)
1.Burkina Faso (76.4)
1.Ethiopia (78)
1.Nepal (48)
27.Yemen (38.0)
12.Congo (Democratic Republic of the (41.1)
34.The peoplee € ™ s Democratic Republic (31.3)
8.Congo (Democratic Republic of (54)
22. Angola (31)
28. Burundi (37.6)
13.Guinea-Bissau (40.5)
35. Guatemala (30.9)
9. Fiji (53)
23.Maldives (30)
29. Nigeria (37.3)
14.Nigeria (39.0)
36.Nigeria (30.9)
10. Nigeria (52)
24.Nigeria (29)
30.Malawi (36.7)
Dâ € 15.Cote ™ Ivoire (38.6)
37.Tanzania (United Republic of) (30.6)
11.Madagascar (50)
25.Sri Lanka (29)
31.Rwanda (36.5)
16.Uganda (38.5)
38.Algeria (30.1)
12. Mali (50)
26. Philippines (28)
108. Barbados (3.0)
173.Iceland (1.4)
164.Estonia (0.2)
125.Hungary (1)
134.Chile (1)
Human Development Report 2007/2008 â € "Country Data Sheets - Nigeria
Tables 1 and 2 summarize the sordid state of affairs as it relates to assessment of poverty in Nigeria in the global level. How MGD1 realizable in the face of this level of poverty Stepping in Nigeria?
GOAL 2: Â Â Â Â Education Achieve universal primary education
El Nacional Education Policy (2004, revised) states that â € œThe Government recognizes education as an instrument par excellence for making national development. The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) is saddled with the responsibility to ensure that Nigeria achieves the goal of universal primary education by the year 2015. How this noble goal can be achieved in the face of the lack of cooperation from several states of the federation, did not meet the demands for access to their state fund for universal basic education program? In less than 50% of the states in the country have been able to comply by paying their counterparts Unless funding. and until this is done, for example, the states of default, and by extension, the country will be unable to meet the deadline of 2015 for achieving primary Targeta universal education.A What could be responsible for the poor attitude of several state governments in fulfilling their part of the obligation in this regard?  Could it be that education is undervalued by the current democratic actors or that the conditions for accessing the fund does not permit the usual huge leaks financial in the wrong hands?
Nigeria also endorsed Jometien Conference on Education for All (EFA) by 2000, which sets targets for and early childhood development, primary, secondary, secondary and adult literacy. The trend in gross enrollment ratio (GER) indicates that fluctuations significant in enrollment between 1991 and 2000. enrollment increased significantly between 1990 and 1994, rising from 68% to 86%.  Since then, enrollment decreased to 81% in 1995 and 70% in 1996. Hence, Nigeria did not achieve the EFA goal Jometien 2000.
Universal Basic Education (UBE) guideline states that each primary and secondary school should have a general science lab to address basic science and domestic science, a bathroom ventilation for a maximum of 40 pupils or students per toilet; teacha a teacher for 40 students or driving or at students. These conditions can be obtained in our schools is a utopia, and may not be possible even in the year 2015. Very few schools have the appearance of a laboratory. The nearby bushes to provide health services in some of our schools.
GOAL 3: Â Â Â Â PROMOTE Equality and Empower Women
The objective of this goal is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and to all levels of education no later Indicators of 2015. here are:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ratio of girls to boys in education primary, secondary and tertiary education.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ratio of literate women to males 15-24 years of age.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Percentage of women in wage employment in the non-agriculture
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Proportion of seats held by women in parliament national.
Gender disparities are still strongly manifested in access to primary education, secondary and tertiary education leading to unequal access employment (Millennium Development Goals Report 2004)
It is estimated that 50% of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population consists of women and girls, without However, gender disparities in access to primary, secondary and tertiary education goes back to the pre-colonial Africa has its roots in culture. traditional goal of gender equality and empower women reached by 2015. The answer is, obviously, in the Society should be negative. prepared to deal with gender stereotypes and acceptance that the female gender can aspire to the highest point if society allow. notion age time as women are there only to make children or to meet the demands of women pleasure people should be jettisoned. men excel in any chosen career will be, they are very good and better stewards of the house and society. There should be no gender discrimination in the workplace, public or private.
GOAL 4 â € "Reduce child mortality
The National Report on Millennium Development Goals (2004) noted has not been much progress in reducing child mortality. estimates of the Demographic and Health Survey 2003 National Survey put under five mortality rate of 217 per 1,000 with large variations. regional urban and rural areas had rates of mortality under five years of 243 per 1,000 and 153 per 1,000 respectively. The projection of the goal in question, there must be a reduction of two thirds (2 / 3) of children under five years by the year 2015. In other words, Nigeria should be able to reduce the morality of children under five to 49 per 1,000 by 2015. It is highly unlikely that Nigeria will meet the 2015 target of reducing under-five mortality by two thirds (2 / 3).
The main obstacles to achieving the MDG goal 4 are poor access to services of health care (the poverty), HIV / AIDS and poor maternal health services health. good costs money, and this is not within the reach of the poor that unfortunately are the majority of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population. Corruption and greed has not yet enabled for free health services to poor. Unfortunately, the rulers which should ensure the high-class medical services in our public health institutions have failed in their responsibilities. is these very people who can afford to travel abroad with minor ailments.
Availability of facilities for health care, 1996 â € "2000
(Pera € ™ 000 people)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Number doctors
0.212
0.207
0.201
0223
0.22
Number of hospital beds
0.677
0.643
0.613
0.575
0.639
The table shows the same poor state of care facilities Health Nigeria. What efforts are on the ground to ensure that the picture changes dramatically in the positive direction by the year 2015?
GOAL 5: Â Â Â Â Improve maternal health
The objective of this goal is to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Although there has been slight decrease in maternal mortality since 1990, the level remains high, approximately 1,000 per 100,000 live births since the late the decade from 1990 to 2001. The national maternal mortality rate was 704 per 100,000 live births, with considerable regional variation (MDG Report 2004)
Maternal deaths in Nigeria, as in most developing countries are often attributed to women € ™ s lack of power and unequal access to employment, finance, education, basic health care, and other resources.
The challenges to achieving the goal 5 of the MDGs include teenage pregnancy, practices culture, lack of health personnel and other infrastructure, especially in rural areas areas. Nigeria accounts for 10% of global maternal deaths (UCAID 2008).
52,000 Nigerian women die each year from maternal complications. related Lanre-Abass (2008) stated that the majority of births in Nigeria (66%) occur as described on Alibris A small percentage of women receiving postnatal care, which is crucial for the prevention and treatment of complications in the first delivery. two days after Nigeria's health system has been plagued by problems of quality of service, including the hostile attitude of some health personnel (doctors and nurses), insufficient knowledge, decaying infrastructure, shortages of essential drugs and counterfeit medicines.
GOAL 6: Â Â Â Â HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases,
It is estimated that 4.5 million Nigerian adults and children living with HIV / AIDS in 2008. cumulative AIDS deaths in 2008 was about 4.2 million people. These are alarming figures that should disturb any group of people (Osakwe 2008).  The age groups most affected by the virus includes 20 ⠀ "29 years of age, while the regions with higher prevalence rates are the Central North, Northeast and the South-South zones. It is shocking to learn that the University treated 10,800 people with HIV between January and October 2008.
Several factors contribute to the spread of HIV / AIDS in Nigeria, including networking sexual practices such as polygamy, a high prevalence of infections Untreated sexually transmitted (STIs.), low condom use, poverty, low literacy, poor health, stigma and habits. irresponsible sexual the prevalence of malaria in Nigeria remains high, and this is due to the abundance of blocked drains and general filth in aid of malaria is estimated that about vectors. a million deaths each year are recorded in Nigeria from malaria. The fact that they have an insufficient number of well-trained medical personnel to implement the programs such as National AIDS remains a major challenge for the achievement of Goal 6 of the MDGs.
GOAL 7: Â Â Â Â Ensure environmental sustainability
Nigeria is still faced the challenge of environmental sustainability. There are still major problems related to the degradation land, pollution, flooding, erosion, desertification, inefficient use of energy resources, loss of biodiversity, deforestation. environmental disasters, and yet there is little access to improved sanitation facilities in Nigeria, which can be attributed to poor implementation of health and housing and other related policies, high levels of poverty, low awareness of issues relating to environmental sustainability and overall rural improvement. Why the perennial gully erosion in the southeast, parts of Delta and Edo challenged attention â € "instead, farmland and buildings are burnt each year, cutting roads and separate communities, children and adults are drawn by floods. How is understandable that in the 21st century even in some campuses, students defecate anywhere and worse in some women's shelters! œShort-€ â € bitch has taken on new meaning for this antisocial behavior. Students defecating in black polythene bags and throw it behind their rooms or left on the bathroom ends. Sometimes these human waste are swept into gutters and drains creating health risks. Excavations for building construction and sand can not be as obvious danger of half environment as it was brief, but without resorting to excavation environmental impact leaves much pain and anguish to people. Some Nigerian daily contribute to the environmental degradation and threat to lives and property of their neglected and the environment €  "hostile activities.
GOAL 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Nigeria has continued to play a prominent role in regional Cooperatives
About the Author
Professor Emman Osakwe
B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), M.A. (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
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