The history of the Jews during the Crusades
Christian anti-Semitism was strongly present before the Crusades. The existence of large Jewish communities Europe and the Middle East was very strong. However, their presence was tolerated and not accepted. The Christian views about Jews was not friendly, because the Jews had the business to lend money to themselves, while depriving the Christians of the loans. When they started the crusades the Jews was a tempting target caught between two rival religions: Christians and Muslims.
The Muslim presence in the Holy Land had been established since the 7th century when the Muslims conquered Palestine increasing pressure the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire. The main objective of the Christian Western Europe with the Crusades was to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims and to prevent the spread of the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia.
The bad relations between Christians and Muslims only deteriorated. In 1096, a large army of crusaders from 25,000 and 30,000 men ready to fight the call of Pope Urban II. Marching south of France to Constantinople, faced with resistance from the Byzantines, who were not prepared for such friction. In 1097, came from Constantinople to go to Jerusalem. On July 15, 1099, Jerusalem was captured by Godfrey of Bouillon, the leader of the First Crusade, which invaded the Jewish quarter. The order of the Caliph Al-Hakim to demolish the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and all Christian buildings in Jerusalem fired new friction.
Jews, very unhappy with the behavior of Christians toward them all the previous years, opted to fight side by side with Muslims to defend Jerusalem against the Crusaders. To escape death, who had sought refuge in the synagogues, while their Muslim neighbors are hiding in mosques. The First Crusade resulted in the slaughter of Muslims in the extreme al-Aqsa mosque and the burning of Jews in the main synagogue. Jewish survivors were sold as slaves and were purchased later by the Jewish communities of Italy. According to many historians, this was the end of the Jewish community in Jerusalem.
Since 1096, activity intellectual and social development of the Jewish community in Jerusalem was suspended. Moreover, the Crusades had created two other groups that harmed the Jews: itinerant preachers, who were interested primarily in the financial exploitation of the Jews, and German peasants, who exercised great violence to the Jews. When the Crusades began, farmers Germans destroyed many Jewish communities in Mainz and Worms, by slaughtering people, burning synagogues and murdering innocent people.
The number of victims Jews during the First Crusade in Europe is difficult to measure. Jewish historians, but also their European counterparts, they estimate that more than 10,000 people, making up to three quarters of the Jewish population of the time. In the majority, who died on the spot, while some were given the option of baptism and conversion Christianity.
The reasons for the extreme persecution of Jews during the Crusades are a very controversial topic. Historical archives suggest that the explicit cause The Crusader was the continuous reporting of Jerusalem in connection with the abuse of Christian pilgrims and their access to the holy places forbidden for Muslims. However, in these reports, the malicious involvement of the Jews was mentioned. Historians believe that this served to prepare the ground for the inclusion of the Jews in the non-Catholic animosity against anyone.
Besides Jews, Christians hated by the crucifixion of Jesus and accused of carrying out rituals anti-Christian, where the sacrifice of Christian children was a common pattern. According to Jewish historians, the Jews were often the scapegoats for everything was wrong in the community. Forced to live in ghettos, Jews were treated by Christians as second class citizens. On the contrary, according to European historians, Jews were practice of these rituals as part of their religion. However, both parties agree that in such turbulent times, it is difficult to reach firm conclusions. In the Middle Ages Christianity was the predominant religion in Europe. However, there was a clear ambition to be a predominant religion in the world by removing or limiting any foreign as the Jews but also Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Slavs and not everyone, believer in the Catholic Church.
After the First Crusade, a wave of emotional, Christian religious anger exploded. Reflected in the slaughter of Jews by mobs crossed across Europe, but also in the aggressive treatment of the "Christian schismatic "Eastern Orthodox, the cross became a symbol of Christian anger. There were some great examples of Christian bishops and simple Christian people who tried to offer asylum to the Jews to protect them from the mob. In addition, Jews were given refuge in Christian churches and other Christian buildings.
During the Second Crusade (1145-1147) Jews were not altered or destroyed, but his doctrine was proposed to witness the accuracy of Christendom. Become living symbols of the Passion Jews were not murdered, but were punished by the dispersion to be saved by the final conversion to Christianity.
The Third Crusade (1189-1192) was characterized mainly by the Jewish pogroms in England.
The Crusades as a turning point in the medieval history of the Jews. His slaughter during the Crusades destabilized fatally economic and social position. Christian anti-Semitism became even stronger than before to the Jews less important. Having lost control over trade and money, Jews have become extremely vulnerable.
Many historians believe that there are many common elements between the Crusades and the Holocaust. Pogroms first well-documented against the Jews occurred during the Crusades. Although violence was banned by the various Popes, the Crusaders did not protect the Christians of the East and also protect to the Jews. Instead, their communities destroyed, burned their houses, and massacred the people who make Jerusalem a terrible pogrom, in which all Jews were not expelled were executed en masse.
About the Author
I work as a financial and investment advisor but my passion is writing, music and photography. Writing mostly about finance, business and music, being an amateur photographer and a professional dj, I am inspired from life.
Being a strong advocate of simplicity in life, I love my family, my partner and all the people that have stood by me with or without knowing. And I hope that someday, human nature will cease to be greedy and demanding realizing that the more we have the more we want and the more we satisfy our needs the more needs we create. And this is so needless after all.
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